发布日期：2024-07-19 17:56:46 浏览次数：113
弘莱斯发电机：不能启动或启动困难，造成这种故障的原因有十几种甚至几十种，下面将详细介绍造成柴油发电机不能启动或困难的各种原因。
一、启动时排气管冒白烟 White smoke from the exhaust pipe when starting
1、原因分析 Analysis of causes
（1）换气系统出问题：气门间隙不对，气门密封性变差；空气滤清器堵塞严重；忘记将减压手柄扳回。
Problems with the ventilation system,wrong valve clearance, valve seal deterioration, the air filter is seriously blocked, forget to pull the decompression handle back.
（2）供油系统出问题：如柴油质量不好，柴油箱中进水；油路中有空气；低压油路堵塞、进油门滤网堵塞、滤清器滤芯太脏、油箱盖通气孔堵塞，造成供油不足；供油时间过早或过晚。
Problems with oil supply system, poor diesel quality, water in diesel tank; air in oil road, low pressure oil road blocked, inlet throttle filter blocked, too dirty filter element, tank cover vent blocked, resulting in insufficient oil supply; oil supply time is early or too late.
（3）发动机机体出问题：缸盖有裂痕；气缸垫末装好或烧坏，造成水分直接进到气缸里等；曲柄连杆机构出问题，如气缸、活塞和活塞环间隙不对、磨损严重或卡死等；发动机启动装置有问题，如启动转速低等；气温太低或发动机温度太低（特别是冬季）。
Problems with engine body: cylinder head crack, cylinder pad is installed or burned at the end, causing water directly into the cylinder, such as cylinder, piston and piston ring gap, serious wear or stuck, engine starting device, such as low starting speed,low temperature or low engine temperature ,especially in winter.
2、查找和排除故障 Find and troubleshoot
一般先检查低压油路是否有空气或堵塞，检查输油泵，再检查高压油路、喷油泵，如果以上检查结果没有问题，再依次检查喷油器、换气系统、曲柄连杆机构、发动机机体等。
Generally, first check whether there is air or blockage in the low-pressure oil circuit, check the fuel delivery pump, and then check the high-pressure oil circuit and fuel injection pump. If there is no problem with the above inspection results, then check the fuel injector, ventilation system, crank and connecting rod mechanism, and engine block in turn. Wait.
（1）如果是在冬季或启动气温特别低，可以试着向水箱里加热水，或将油底壳的机油放出来，加热后再倒回去。
If it is in winter or the starting temperature is particularly low, you can try to heat water into the water tank, or drain the oil from the oil pan, and then pour it back after heating.
（1）如果难启动。首先应检查空气滤清器、燃油滤网、柴油滤清器是否太脏，再检查各配合间隙，如气缸、活塞和活塞环间隙，气门间隙，后检查喷油器和喷油泵等。
If it is difficult to start. First, check whether the air filter, fuel filter, and diesel filter are too dirty, and then check the matching clearances, such as the clearances of cylinders, pistons and piston rings, and valve clearances, and then check the fuel injectors and fuel injection pumps.
二、启动时排气管冒黑烟 Black smoke rises from the exhaust pipe when startup
当燃油和空气的混合气燃烧不完全，混合气中柴油偏浓时，未完成燃烧的混合气以冒黑烟排出。
When the fuel and air mixture burns incompletely and the diesel fuel in the mixture is too rich, the unburned mixture is discharged as black smoke.
1、原因分析 analysis of causes
（1）换气系统出问题：空气滤清器堵塞，使进入气缸的空气减少，混合气偏浓；气门间隙不对，造成进气不足和排气不净；气门弹簧弹力不足或弹簧折断，使气门漏气；气门与气门座之间有积炭和烧蚀，造成气门漏气。
Problems with the ventilation system: the air filter is blocked, which reduces the air entering the cylinder, and the mixed gas is thick; the valve gap is incorrect, resulting in insufficient intake and unclean exhaust,insufficient spring force of the valve spring or spring break, causing the valve to lea,There is carbon deposit and ablation between the valve and the valve seat, causing the valve to leak.
(2)供油系统出问题：一个或几个喷油嘴积炭严重、喷油嘴针阀卡住，造成滴油或雾化质量不好；喷油压力不足，柴油雾化质量不好，供油提前角不对；喷油泵喷油量过多；柴油质量不好。
Problems with the fuel supply system: one or more fuel injectors have serious carbon deposits, and the needle valves of the fuel injectors are stuck, resulting in oil dripping or poor atomization quality,insufficient fuel injection pressure, poor diesel atomization quality, and fuel supply ahead of schedule The angle is wrong,the fuel injection pump sprays too much, the quality of diesel is not good.
（1）曲柄连杆机构出现问题：如气缸、活塞和活塞环间隙过大或磨损严重，造成气缸压力不足，出现燃烧不完全。
The crank connecting rod mechanism has problems: if the clearance between the cylinder, the piston and the piston ring is too large or the wear is serious, the cylinder pressure is insufficient, and the combustion is incomplete.
2、查找和排除故障 Find and troubleshoot
可以参照上述查找和排除冒白烟的方法解决该故障。要特别注意采用断缸法进行逐缸检查的方法。
The fault can be solved by referring to the above method of finding and excluding white smoke.Special attention should be paid to the cylinder-by-cylinder inspection method.
三、启动时排气管无烟 Smokeless exhaust pipe when starting
柴油没有进入气缸，排气管只有空气排出而无烟排出。
Diesel does not enter the cylinder, and only air is discharged from the exhaust pipe without smoke.
1、原因分析 analysis of causes
供油系统出出问题：油路堵塞，输油泵工作不正常，喷油泵工作不正常。
Problems with the oil supply system: the oil road is blocked, the oil transmission pump is not working normally, and the oil injection pump is not working normally.
2、查找和排除故障 Find and troubleshoot
如果柴油机启动转速正常，但不能着火燃烧，或排气管无烟排出，则是发动机供油系统的故障。一般首先检查油路是否堵塞，检查油路堵塞情况的具体方法参见前述。
If the diesel engine start speed is normal but not fire, or the exhaust pipe is smoke-free, it is a failure of the engine oil supply system.Generally, first check whether the oil road is blocked, check the specific method of the oil road blockage, see the above.
如果在启动时偶尔有断续的烟冒出，这说明有的缸有柴油进入，有的则没有，这种情况下，可用“切断法”，即分别停止各缸供油，查找出不工作的缸。
If there is occasional intermittent smoke coming out when starting, it means that some cylinders have diesel oil in, and some do not. In this case, the "cut-off method" can be used, that is, to stop the fuel supply of each cylinder and find out that it is not working. Of the cylinder.
